The Evolve Timber Ideas

Facts About Evolve Timber Uncovered


The core board in crossbreed floors can be made from two various products, Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) which is made from PVC and also limestone, as well as Timber Plastic Compound (WPC), a board made from PVC and recycled timber. At Silver Trading Hardwood Floor Covering, we have picked to only supply SPC floorboards as a result of the increased sturdiness as well as stability functions that it has over WPC products. https://dribbble.com/ev0lvetimber/about. timber flooring installers.


As a drifting floor, crossbreed boards require to be installed on even surfaces in order to prevent future fastening or breaking. Any existing carpeting or floating floorings require to be gotten rid of and also furnishings obtained from the space. If you have an also completed floor such as concrete, ceramic tiles or plywood, the crossbreed boards can be mounted in addition to these surface areas.


Aside from guaranteeing you have the appropriate kind of surface area to lay your boards on, it's crucial that the location is without dust, oils as well as paints as well as is completely dry as well as clean. This will usually call for sweeping, vacuuming or wiping before laying the very first row of hybrid boards. At this moment, likewise remember of any obstructions, such as power electrical outlets or columns that you will need to make up when reducing to size.




Evolve Timber - Truths


You will need the complying with tools: -Drop saw -Table saw -Rubber mallet -Utility blade -Pencil -Ruler -Spacers -Pull bar -Tape action Crossbreed floors currently featured a padding backing however some may pick to install extra rug below the boards for their added buildings such as acoustic insulation. Silver Trading markets several sorts of padding for various objectives please contact us to discover more about our options.




 



Working from entrusted to right, connect the brief side of the boards to every other till you get to the wall surface on your right. Make certain to make use of the spacer for uniform distancing from the walls to permit growth voids generally in between 6 and 10mm, depending upon the environment. A staggered end joint in between each row is highly advised for a more uniform look.


To link the second row to the first, put the board grooves at a 30 angle right into the tongue of the slabs, then gently tap your rubber mallet to 'secure' it in. If set up appropriately, the boards will certainly rest flat and have no voids. Proceed this process until you complete setting up the entire room.




Some Known Details About Evolve Timber


Since you have actually done the difficult job, keep it looking its finest by adhering to a couple of easy upkeep steps. Your boards will wear well, usually for years, when you on a regular basis move, vacuum as well as wipe any type of dust or dust that develops up. Despite the fact that these boards are water immune, taking care of any kind of spills as quickly as they occur will certainly aid you prevent any discoloration.




This shields the boards from exposure to severe changes in temperature level and UV. Installation not for you? Our group of specialist installers have actually got your back! Not only do they have all the expertise and abilities to do the work completely, they likewise understand everything about structure codes and also safety and security criteria.


Working with a professional to install new floor covering will certainly cost you around usually. However, as a result of various variables that can influence the overall price of the work, this price can still increase or down. This suggests that a flooring installment task can cost anywhere from to. Flooring brightening $1,300 Wood floor covering $2,500 Concrete floor covering $3,000 Refined concrete floorings $3,500 Whole home flooring $7,000 Floor sanding as well as Learn More layer $1,800 Essentially, the price of having brand-new floorings relies on 2 things: the expense of the floor type and the cost of the installment.




The Ultimate Guide To Evolve Timber


Hardwood Timber FlooringTimber Flooring
There is a wide array of floor covering materials to select from, as well as they all been available in varying rates. engineered timber flooring. Right here are a few of them: Bamboo flooring Vinyl flooring Wood floor covering Drifting floorings Epoxy floor coating Shingles Rock When you work with a professional floor installer, you're generally paying them for their time, initiative, and skill.


Prior to mounting the new floor, make certain that your existing flooring is prepped. Applying a surface isn't needed, but it can certainly boost the look of your flooring and also lengthen its life.


Meanwhile, floor installers in Queensland are charging an average cost of around $27 (https://peatix.com/user/18496629/view). 50/m2. Floor covering services in New South Wales have an ordinary rate of around $33/m2. This makes the state the most pricey area to obtain a brand-new flooring. Guarantee that you're hiring certified tradies for the job to ensure that you can get your cash's well worth.




Evolve Timber Fundamentals Explained


Timber Flooring InstallersFlooring Sunshine Coast
Prices information correct as at August 2017. Flooring Quotes From $35 $45/Hour.


Flooring installer, prep work, fantastic salary, +SUPER, Job life equilibrium




 



When making the choice to install brand-new floor covering in your house, it is essential to consider the moment, price, and also outcome you want. The mix of all three elements will certainly lead you in the right instructions regarding whether your following floor installment in Sydney can be done on your own, or if a flooring installation quote from a seasoned professional in the most effective choice for you.




Some Known Questions About Evolve Timber.


Commonly it's alluring to attempt and save cash by performing do it yourself tasks on your own. Not paying somebody else for a work which you assume you can do might save you some money, but variable in additional points like devices and also tools which you require to purchase, as well as supplies like adhesives, sealer, grout, nails etc which you pay list prices on after that the expenses start including up.


Having an expert care for something such as flooring installment means you're covered if something fails, which brings us to the following factor If you have great deals of time on your hands, the internet is a wonderful place to begin simply search "exactly how to set up floor covering" and a hundred as well as one video clips and posts on floor covering setup in Sydney will appear.

 

See This Report on Hardwood Floor Installation

Excitement About Collierville Flooring Pros Floor Installers

 

After you resolve a possible particular niche and also your special worth suggestion, it's time to think about branding. Collierville Flooring Pros floor installers. A company's brand name can be one of the most crucial elements in figuring out success. Customers usually take a look at your brand name as well as decide whether they wish to discover more about your product and services.


As an example, you might raise your overall earnings as well as draw in new clients by adding any of the following services: The cost point you set for your solutions will be dictated by your market. Carrying out market research is frequently the most convenient way to establish what customers are eager to pay in your area.

 

 

 

Collierville Flooring Pros Floor InstallersFloor Installation
Below's a list of the most usual devices you'll intend to maintain with you: While the obstacle to entrance for beginning a flooring installment service isn't high, you'll still need to guarantee you have the start-up capital to keep the business running throughout the first few months. If you locate that you need added funds for equipment, products, or marketing, then you can constantly seek to one of the adhering to options for funding: Having the right processes in position is a great method to set your company up for success.

 

 

 

What Does Collierville Flooring Pros Flooring Installation Do?


To guarantee you have the appropriate defense to keep your company running efficiently, you ought to consider the complying with flooring setup service insurance policy insurance coverages: Furthermore, if you intend on hiring workers to assist with the installation process, you'll need to purchase workers' payment insurance coverage. One of the final actions in releasing your floor covering business is to ensure you have all the ideal documentation, licenses, and permits.


The majority of states will certainly require you to acquire the complying with prior to you can legally run your firm: It would certainly additionally be excellent to open up a business checking account, so your individual and professional funds don't cross. Now that your company is officially signed up, it's time to begin thinking about exactly how you will certainly bring in new company.

 

 

 

Collierville Flooring Pros Collierville TnFlooring Company
One way to take benefit of both networks is to ask recent clients for testimonials when installation services are full. It's also a good concept to have service cards on you that means, you can pass your info along to prospective leads.

 

 

 

Getting The Collierville Flooring Pros Collierville Tn To Work


Concrete is widely made use of for commercial building pieces. A lot of are covered with an additional flooring product such as tile, carpets or timber. Concrete floors that are not covered with one more product are gaining popularity in retail shops and various other commercial structures since it supplies an affordable yet very resilient floor covering surface.


Concrete can be complicated to complete with acrylic-based coverings. High alkalinity, high dampness, grease as well as oils, and unidentified curing substances as well as sealers can make ending up challenging. Floorings with a history of accepting acrylic floor surfaces can normally be ended up with any kind of Important layer.


If you oversee operations in an industrial kitchen area, you understand that information issue. Among the information that matter most is the flooring of your workspace. With a wide selection of floor covering systems on the marketplace, it can be difficult to choose the most effective flooring for a restaurant kitchen area. Collierville Flooring Pros flooring company.

 

 

 

The Only Guide to Floor Installation


For the very best results, you require a flooring system that can be mounted swiftly as well as easily, maintaining downtime to a minimum. The most effective kitchen floorings are seamless, preventing water or fluids from seeping into cracks, and also serving as a defend against microbial infection. It do without claiming that the very best flooring for a restaurant kitchen ought to be slip-resistant even when damp to supply safe footing for your team.


e. spills of boiling cooking oil, water, and also other fluids. It additionally needs to be moisture forgiving. Floor covering must be look at here simple to tidy as well as sanitize, taking on frequent cleaning and also scrubbing up, with a leak-proof seal and also non-porous-surfaces. Currently let's take an appearance at the five most commonly used Floors browse around this web-site in industrial cooking areas, and also see just how they pile up.


(Not to be perplexed with broadcast epoxy, a non-commercial grade flooring, which is not normally advised for high web traffic, commercial environments (Collierville Flooring Pros flooring company).) Jet, Rock is a virtually odor free mix of quartz chips as well as epoxy material, and also after it's shovelled to a 3/16 single layer application over existing ceramic tile, timber, or concrete surface areas, it solidifies right into a seamless surface area that's thoroughly slip-resistant, also when greasy or wet.

 

 

 

10 Simple Techniques For Collierville Flooring Pros Flooring Installation

 

Collierville Flooring Pros Hardwood Floor InstallationCollierville Flooring Pros Flooring Installation


It's leak-proof and also incredibly sanitary. Various other epoxy floor covering systems may mix in materials various other than quartz, which may be less resilient, wear out much faster, and also take longer to mount with two or 3 application layers.


Its best features are its timeless look, longevity, as well as fairly reduced set up expense. Daily cleaning is fairly easy, however the use of chemicals in cleaning materials or regular cleaning ultimately compromises the grout lines, making them at risk to preserving dampness, and also collects germs.

 

 

 

 


A tile flooring in an industrial kitchen will certainly show wear and tear, preserve smells, as well as may obtain water leaking in under the tile. It tends to have high maintenance prices. It is not unusual to spend approximately $5K in industrial kitchens to change broken floor tiles as well as regrout once or two times a year.

 

 

 

Unknown Facts About Collierville Flooring Pros Flooring


ft. for products, $8-10/ view sq. ft. with installation. is an additional prominent alternative. It has the benefit of being very resilient, with a difficult, level, as well as smooth surface that can not be harmed by heat or most effects. Polished concrete can make an eye-catching kitchen flooring and, if well preserved, can last up to ten years.
 

The Basic Principles Of Epoxy Flooring Toronto Price

How Residential Epoxy Flooring Toronto can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.

 

Residential Epoxy Flooring TorontoResidential Epoxy Flooring Toronto

For industrial relevant projects, food production, medical, as well as retail are all sectors that can take advantage of both epoxy and also polyurea flooring options. It is time to connect with the experts. Certa, Pro Painters are expert painters as well as handymen that solution locations throughout the nation. We have finished thousands of epoxy floors and also prepare to start on your own today! Call currently or get a complimentary estimate online..


, describes that "There is a reason why epoxy floors are some of the most widely pre-owned types of flooring throughout sectors.


Epoxy floorings are one big surface, which implies that cleaning dirt and particles off the flooring is as simple as sweeping, vacuuming, and wiping the surface area. On top of that, considering that epoxy floors have no edges, there is little space to promote mould and microorganisms development. The glossy, resin-like coating of epoxy floorings aids them fend off water and also chemical spills.


The reduced possibilities of breaking and damaging reduce the threats of accidents, consisting of tripping as well as falling. Epoxy floorings normally come less costly than other traditional floor covering choices such as wood, plastic, as well as floor tiles. Epoxy resin flooring. Not just are epoxy floorings much more cost effective, but they also last longer than a lot of floors, which means that they are an excellent long-lasting financial investment.

 

The Ultimate Guide To Epoxy Flooring Mississauga

 

Epoxy Resin FlooringEpoxy Flooring Mississauga
Making use of an epoxy flooring coating over your concrete floors will produce a high gloss, tough putting on, and also durable surface. These floor finishings use a variety of advantages as well as benefits from the first installment phases to the lasting upkeep actions. For instance, epoxy flooring finishes are fast to mount and also are sturdy and also very easy to clean.

 

 

 

Epoxy Flooring TorontoEpoxy Flooring Toronto Price
: Our epoxy flooring finish products transform concrete floors into a smooth as well as durable, high efficiency surface that will certainly last for many years to come.: Our epoxy floor layers dry to a high gloss shine as well as are available in a selection of different shades as well as designs. You can selected to make use of one solid shade or produce an attractive pattern utilizing several colors in order to develop an eye-catching as well as durable floor covering option.


If you are interested in from this source discovering more concerning the benefits of picking epoxy flooring coatings for your commercial, industrial, manufacturing facility, or laboratory floor covering solution, please feel complimentary to contact our epoxy floor installers. We can deal with you to explain the advantages of making use of epoxy floor finish items as well as use color and pattern options unique to your company.

 

 

 

 


Approximated reading time: 11 minutes In industrial and also commercial workplace atmospheres, epoxy resin floorings are a preferred floor covering option as a result of epoxy material's wide array of desirable residential properties. Due to the fact that the subject of material floor covering can be intricate, there might be some obscurity concerning the principles and also subtleties of epoxy floorings.

 

 

 

The Buzz on Residential Epoxy Flooring Toronto


In a nutshell, epoxy flooring is a kind of artificial resin flooring system that is laid on top of concrete substratums as a kind of defense as well as design (Epoxy flooring Toronto Price). The systems can make up of several layers of thermosetting resin that are covered, trowelled or poured, as well as typically like this applied onto a concrete substratum.


Finishing = Flooring = Screed. This is not technically precise considering that the different terms have their particular accounts as well as residential or commercial properties.

 

 

 

 

 

 


The finishes generally are available in an uniform single colour, as well as their finishing can be selected to be matte, satin or shiny. Epoxy floor layers are typically made use of for areas with light to tool degree of tasks, and these can be for commercial or business locations. Since there is a long checklist of varieties and also choices for epoxy coatings, it is much better to contact a floor covering professional to get the best-matched flooring.


An essential component to guarantee an effective flooring setup is having actually a certified floor covering applicator perform the setup functions. Proficiency as well as precision are crucial elements of the setup procedure, that makes it crucial to use the floor covering solutions of seasoned applicators. When planning your timetable, constantly take into consideration that the installment time can differ relying on the density of the floor covering system and also the dimension of the project.

 

 

 

An Unbiased View of Epoxy Flooring Toronto Price


This undesirable outcome is typically triggered by poor surface area preparation prior to the application of the last floor surface. Another kind of floor failing is the occurrence of air bubbles (or sores) in the material flooring.




Often, there may be some confusion concerning the distinction between some sorts of material polymers, such as the distinction in between floors made from epoxy materials, versus floorings made of polyurethane (PU) resins. Epoxy Flooring Toronto. To clear this complication, below is an informative comparison between epoxy flooring as well as PU floor covering. Epoxy floorings are a fantastic choice for a range of commercial and also business settings, offering both aesthetic appeals and also efficiency.

 

 

 

 


When you begin your search for, you might such as to begin by discovering more about this kind of floor covering. This is one of the primary elements that identify the type browse around these guys of floor covering we select for our property or commercial residential or commercial properties.


It is likewise really moderately priced contrasted to various other flooring options. All in all, if you require to stick to a budget plan, you should take into consideration these floors.
 

The Of Flooring Stores Near Me

Everything about Flooring Baton Rouge


If you're using floor tiles to rug an entire flooring, you need to be specific. Otherwise, you could finish up having noticeable joints between the ceramic tiles.


Seriously, anything. Use them to rug your workplace; utilize them to produce an area rug; use them as stair runners; utilize them to make your patio area extra comfy; utilize them for whatever! Modular peel-and-stick rug floor tiles generally cost between $3 and also $5 per square foot, and also since there's no setup expense to talk of, they're certainly among the more economical flooring options.


When you consider standard carpetings, you're usually considering broadloom carpetsones that are woven on a large (or wide loom)that cover a flooring wall to wall surface. While broadloom carpetings are a little bit of their own point (there are limitless magazines committed to enlightening people all regarding carpet), right here's a fast run-through.


Carpets runs a massive rate range depending upon product and construction. The materials themselves can differ from $4$20 or even more per square foot (depending on your options). And setup is not the least expensive, given the demand for a very educated expert. That said: if you're asking yourself just how to change floor covering on a budget plan and you desire carpet, it be done.




Getting The Flooring Company Near Me To Work


Coretec FlooringFlooring Company Near Me
It'll reveal you all the flooring stores in your area, full with their get in touch with info, stock, as well as summaries. See? We told you we would certainly aid you discover the best floor covering for you. And you thought we were kidding when we claimed we 'd make floor covering enjoyable.


But something that can not be denied is that carpeting floor covering adds beauty to your house and also is a great suit bedrooms. The residence looks comfortable, comfy, and also inviting with rug floor covering set up. Several of the styles and also high qualities of carpeting floor covering are less expensive than wood or ceramic flooring. Flooring Near Me.


However something that home owners need to know is that tile floor is not a great insulator of heat, and also for that reason the flooring will be chilly throughout the wintertime. It is rather hard for the do-it-yourselfer since the installation requires special devices. However, floor tile flooring is always an excellent alternative since of the longevity and also the versatility it supplies.




FlooringFlooring Near Me
There is nothing that can defeat the appearance and also the feel of hardwood flooring. It supplies heat and also a comfortable feeling in homes and what can be far better than installing something from nature itself. That one thing that could be aggravating is the cost of wood floor covering. Wood flooring costs he said a great deal of money, yet the bright side is that wood can be redecorated several times to make it look all new.




The Definitive Guide for Flooring


In older times, these floor coverings were just mounted in royal palaces and churches. They are a little bit extra costly than various other flooring choices, yet the look they add to any kind of area they are installed at is unparalleled.




 


Your home will glow and have an unique look. Keep in mind that marble is a soft rock and also is vulnerable to scrapes, fractures as well as various other damages so make sure to buy some added pieces so that the flooring could be replaced later on with the very same distinctive marble slabs.


Vinyl floor covering can be found in floor tiles as well as sheets. One point that property owners need to bear in mind is that just great top quality plastic flooring is sturdy, stain-resistant, as well as scratch-resistant. Constantly go for the ideal top quality of vinyl floor covering.




 


Floor covering is a huge component of home building and construction. And also it plays a large function in interior layout. Choosing just any kind of type of floor covering because it matches your wanted style is a terrible interior design error you shouldn't make. There are aspects to consider if you intend to make the most effective selection.




Lvp Flooring Things To Know Before You Buy


 

 



This article will certainly streamline the procedure for you. Experience the selected sorts of flooring as well as use their pros and also cons as an overview to assist you to identify the best kind of flooring for your house. Hardwood is made from a single item of strong timber, visit this page which is concerning 18-20mm thick.


Hardwood floor covering is simply mounted by nailing the solid wood to a wood subfloor. Strong wood flooring is best for living areas, halls, and bed rooms. The wood can be acquired completed or unfinished. You can install the completed wood right away however you will certainly have to sand and also finish an incomplete wood prior to mounting it.




5 to 2. 5 inches or slabs of 4 to 8 inches. They are all difficult but some species are more challenging than others. Wood is a good option for a affordable residence. If you are trying to cut expenses, purchase recovered or recycled wood for your flooring. Easy to clean up.


Engineered woods come in different types. They are made with numerous varieties of solid wood such as an oak tree, maple, and also the sort.




The Basic Principles Of Lvp Flooring


Stylish like hardwood More immune to damages as well as scrapes Secure and less conscious temperature level Easy to clean Less durable It can just be fine-tuned three times Not appropriate for damp locations Ceramic floor tiles are made from a mixture of terminated clay with pigment for various colors. It is just one of one of the most flexible types of flooring.


Ceramic floor tiles are not all ideal for flooring as some kinds are mainly for walls. Confirm from the merchant if it is suitable for flooring prior to purchasing. Ceramic floor tiles can be found in four primary types consisting of porcelain floor tile, grazed ceramic, terracotta, and quarry floor tile. Porcelain this article is among the most appropriate types of ceramic tiles for your restroom.

 

Rumored Buzz on Soleil Carpet Installation Round Rock

About Soleil Floor Installation Round Rock


But one point that house owners need to recognize is that ceramic tile floor is not a great insulator of heat, as well as as a result the flooring will certainly be cold during the wintertime. It is instead tough for the do-it-yourselfer since the installment requires special devices. Ceramic tile floor covering is constantly an excellent alternative because of the toughness and also the versatility it offers.


There is nothing that can beat the look and also the feel of hardwood flooring. That one point that may be troublesome is the expense of hardwood flooring.




 

 



In older times, these floorings were just installed in imperial palaces and churches. They are a little bit much more pricey than other floor covering alternatives, yet the look they include to any kind of area they are set up at is incomparable.


Your home will certainly radiance and possess a distinct appearance. Nevertheless, maintain in mind that marble is a soft stone and also is prone to scrapes, splits as well as other damage so ensure to acquire some additional slabs to ensure that the flooring could be replaced in the future with the very same textured marble pieces.




See This Report on Soleil Floors Round Rock


Plastic floor covering can be found in tiles and also sheets. One point that property owners need to keep in mind is that just high quality plastic flooring is sturdy, stain-resistant, and also scratch-resistant. Therefore, constantly go with the finest high quality of vinyl flooring.


And also just what does the ideal floor covering mean anyway? That depends on numerous factors, all of which are suitable to your very own circumstance and also several essential elements: If you can not invest even more than $1,000 on a big area, then granite and also marble are not viable choices.




Soleil Wood Floors Round RockSoleil Flooring Round Rock Tx
Any type of kind of flooringeven the least durablecan be utilized for years if effectively preserved. Yet if you do not generally like to preserve your flooring per suppliers' guidelines, after that you need to reevaluate your choice. Many house owners position this question at the top of their list, yet several experts position it near the bottom, listed below the more pragmatic issues listed above.


Yet it's tough to replicate the heat of solid hardwood or the strength of stone. Continue reading for some popular floor covering selections that fit a variety of spaces, areas, and also way of lives. When you take a look at the big photo, floor tile is one of the very best flooring choices you can make. It is readily available, cost-effective, and also offers functional choices.




Rumored Buzz on Soleil Flooring Round Rock Tx


 


One more significant and also of ceramic tile is that repair work is relatively easy. Did you understand that on many ceramic tile installations, additional tiles are left behind specifically for this objective?




Soleil Carpet Installation Round RockSoleil Floors Round Rock
But natural stone such as marble might require to be sealed to stop this issue. Finally, if you like a warm flooring in the wintertime for your bare feet, you can constantly set up ceramic tile over a radiant warmed floor, which includes see this page thermostat controls like a heating and cooling system. Ceramic tile continues to be one of the very best floor covering options in any spending plan.


Linoleum is included in this checklist of best flooring alternatives because it remains among one of the most gorgeous and also durable floor covering options, with over 150 years of history. Linoleum is made up of linseed oil as well as is consequently waterproof, as well as being eco friendly. Sheet linoleum is suitable for usage in the restroom as well as kitchen, though you this contact form will certainly require to secure around the damp locations where water from tubs and also sinks might splash with a silicone caulking.


Because instance, the water harms the substratum as well as can additionally create the linoleum to peel off, so sealing the boundaries is a great care against that damage. The Spruce/ Margot Cavin Linoleum's charm can be enhanced with inlays and various boundaries, providing it added versatility. As retro 1950s and 1960s continue to be fashionable, linoleum is here to stay.




The Ultimate Guide To Soleil Carpet Installation Round Rock


Hardwood floor covering is a traditional instance of style done right, an ideal equilibrium of the very best of all globes. With its warmth, personality, as well as ease of maintenanceespecially when you take into consideration that sanding and redecorating costs are very little compared to setting up brand-new floorshardwood floor covering remains among the ideal flooring alternatives of all time.


With the appropriate species of timber, scrapes from animal claws and also high heels aren't an issue. Blending varieties of wood can additionally achieve remarkable outcomes, however treatment should be taken to make certain that the cellular structure of the species has comparable expansion and also contraction prices. Scrapes can be sanded out and also refinished, as can most any type of damage or ding.


Cork is versatile. It is available in ceramic tiles or planks and also can be mounted by those who are familiar with similar setups on crafted timber floor items. Since cork is gathered from the bark of its host tree, the patterns of the grain are extremely dynamic and also arguably provide a few of the most intriguing grain patterns in wood - Soleil floors Round Rock.




Soleil Carpet Installation Round RockSoleil Carpet Installation Round Rock
Cork flooring is safe and also risk-free for all members of the family members, human and also animal alike. The Spruce/ Margot more tips here Cavin Bamboo is just one of the globe's fastest-growing plants; in truth, bamboo is a turf. And also it is just one of the finest flooring materials. The Spruce/ Margot Cavin For one, bamboo floor covering is a sustainable resource.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15